Terminology - Task 9

1. Mainstream – are the big blockbuster films that most of the public will watch know about. These are often very high budget ($200,000,000) and is produced by the big six.
2. Independent – independent films are usually known as films fore more intellectuals and often focuses on social issues. They are less known, low budget and targeted at niche audiences. These are often produced by small independent companies although not always, it depends on the quality of the film and cast involved. 
3. Production – there are three stages of production - pre production, which is deciding the genre of the film, casting, writing the script, setting the budget etc. Actual production, would be filming the scenes. Post production, would be the editing.
4. Distribution – is the launching of films and the sustainability of them.
5. Marketing – advertising the film to the public to attract the intended or a wide target audience – usually through the use of billboards, social media, posters, trailers 
6. Exchange – how a product has reached the consumer.
7. Multinational Conglomerate - a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate group.
8. Monopoly – when one company dominates the market.
9. Oligopoly – is a market for a particular product by a small group of companies in which no one is dominant.
10. Name the Big Six (90% of box office takings) – Universal, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros Pictures, Columbia Pictures and Walt Disney.
11. Horizontal Integration - this is where an organisation develops by buying another company within the same section of the market at the same stage of production (this can also be known as cross media ownership).
12. Vertical Integration – when two firms in the same industry come together but at different stages so for example, a television studio may buy a production company to produce some of its television programs.
13. Synergy – the interaction of two or more forces working together to create a larger effect in comparison to working independently. For example, an artist may sing the theme song of a movie and the song is repeatedly featured in the film – they are both promoting each other.
14. Merchandising – selling a variety of products that is related or is focused on a specific film to maintain the popularity of the film as well as adding to the profit made e.g. clothing, household items
15. Ultra Violet – allows consumers to have a proof-of-purchase so that they are able to view the content in a variety of different devices – also allows users to share their library with up to 5 people.
16. Above the Line- Above The Line (ATL) advertising is where mass media is used to promote brands and reach out to the target consumers. These include conventional media as we know it, television and radio advertising, print as well as internet.
17. Below the Line- below the line (BTL), and through the line (TTL), in organizational business and marketing communications, are advertising techniques, or different strategies companies use to sell their products.
18. Technological Convergence/Cross media convergence – when different types of technology come together to create a new technology
19. Consumption – how much people buy at the cinema – e.g. tickets, food, drinks
20. Exhibition – showing films in cinemas or on DVD – making the film available on different platforms.
21. Piracy – is the act of stealing, copying, distributing of movies without the film companies allowing you to.
22. Hollywood Franchise 4S Model – synergy, spectacle, sequelisation, story.
23. Tie-In – is the creation of marketing synergy between two products so for example a book and a film, an example of this would be a book been written and then a motion picture made about it, or the same story line.